Amaqula e-oyile agrunjwa kwimithombo engaphantsi komhlaba ukuze kukhutshwe i-oyile ye-petroleum ukuze isetyenziswe kurhwebo.Umphezulu womthombo we-oyile ubizwa ngokuba yi-wellhead, eyona ndawo apho umthombo ufikelela phezulu kunye neoli inokumpontshwa ngaphandle.Intloko yequla ibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nequla (umgca wequla), isithinteli sokuvuthela (ukulawula ukuhamba kweoyile), kunyeumthi wekrisimusi(uthungelwano lweevalvu kunye nezifakelo ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kweoli equleni).
Iumthi wekrisimusiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeoli kakuhle njengoko ilawula ukuhamba kweoli equleni kwaye inceda ukugcina uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngentsimbi kwaye ibandakanya iivalvu, i-spools, kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kweoli, ukulungelelanisa uxinzelelo, kunye nokubeka iliso ekusebenzeni kwequla.Umthi weKrisimesi uphinde uxhotyiswe ngeempawu zokhuseleko, ezifana ne-valve yokuvala ngokukhawuleza, engasetyenziselwa ukumisa ukuhamba kweoli xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.Uyilo kunye nokucwangciswa komthi weKrisimesi kunokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiimfuno ezithile. yequla kunye nedama.Umzekelo, umthi weKrismesi wequla elingaselunxwemeni usenokuyilwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo komnye wequla elisekelwe emhlabeni.Ukongezelela, umthi weKrismesi usenokuba uxhotyiswe ngobugcisa obunjengoomatshini bokusebenza kunye nenkqubo yokubeka iliso kwindawo ekude, nto leyo evumela ukuba usebenze ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.
Inkqubo yokugrumba iqula le-oyile ibandakanya amanqanaba aliqela, kuquka ukulungisa indawo, ukugrumba iqula, iqula kunye nokufakwa kwesamente, nokugqiba iqula. umsebenzi wokomba.
Ukugaya iqula kubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-drilling rig ukuze ibhobhoze emhlabeni kwaye ifikelele ekubunjweni kweoli.I-drill bit idityaniswe ekupheleni komtya we-drill, ojikelezayo ukudala umngxuma.Ulwelo lokugrumba, olukwaziwa njengodaka, lujikeleziswa phantsi komtya wokugrumba kwaye lubuyisele i-annulus (isithuba esiphakathi kombhobho wokubhoboza kunye nodonga lomthombo) ukupholisa kunye nokuthambisa intwana yokubhola, ukususa amanxeba, kunye nokugcina uxinzelelo kumthombo. .Xa iqula ligrunjwe kubunzulu obufunwayo, i-casing kunye ne-cementing iyenziwa.I-Casing ngumbhobho wensimbi ofakwe kwi-wellbore ukuze uqiniswe kwaye uthintele ukuwa komngxuma.I-samente iphonswa kwi-annulus phakathi kwe-casing kunye ne-wellbore ukukhusela ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye negesi phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Inqanaba lokugqibela lokugaya i-oyile ligqiba iqula, elibandakanya ukufaka izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokuvelisa, ezifana nomthi weKrisimesi, kunye nokudibanisa iqula kwiindawo zokuvelisa.Iqula ke lilungele ukuvelisa ioli negesi.
Lawa ngamanyathelo asisiseko abandakanyekayo ekubhobhozeni ioli yeoli, kodwa inkqubo ingaba nzima kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zomthombo kunye nomthombo.
Ngamafutshane, iumthi wekrisimusiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yequla leoli kwaye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutsalweni nasekuthuthweni kweoyile yepetroleum.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-07-2023