Ingxaki yamandla e-1970 yazisa ixesha leoyile enexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ilungiselelwe ugqatso lokurhuqa kweoyile ye-offshore. Ngexabiso le-barrel yeoyile ecekeceke kwiinombolo ezimbini, ezinye zendlela yokuqhuba kunye nokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo iqaqala ukwamkelwa, nokuba zibiza kakhulu. Ngemigangatho yanamhlanje, amaqonga okuqala eqongeni avelisa imithamo ephantsi-ngeento ezi-10,000 zemitya ngosuku (BPD). Side sinayo i-ruererde pdq, idrile, imveliso, kunye nemodyuli ephilayo enokuvelisa i-250,000 yemitya yeoyile kunye neemitha ezingama-200 zegesi (MMCF) yegesi ngosuku. Iyunithi enkulu yemveliso enkulu, inani leepachi ze-valves njenge-12,000 ngaphezulu, uninzi lwazo lukhonaI-valves yebhola. Eli nqaku liza kugxila kwiintlobo ezininzi zeeValves ezinqunyuliweyo eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizibonelelo eziphezulu zamaqonga aselunxwemeni.
I-oyile kunye negesi ikwafuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezincedisayo ezingakwenzi ngokuthe ngqo ukuqhubekeka kwee-hydrocarbons, kodwa zibonelela ngenkxaso efanelekileyo kwinkqubo. Izixhobo ezincedisayo zibandakanya inkqubo yolwandle amanzi aselwandle (utshintshiselwano lobushushu, inaliti, ukulwa umlilo, njl njl. Nokuba yinkqubo ngokwayo okanye izixhobo ezincedisayo, kuyafuneka ukusebenzisa ivalve yokwahlulahlula. Ezona zinto ziphambili zahlulwe zambini iintlobo ezimbini: ukuzibandakanya kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo (kwi-off). Apha ngezantsi, siya kuhlalutya imeko yeeValves ezifanelekileyo ezijikeleze imigca yokuziswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zolwelo kumaqonga obuvelwano.
Ubunzima bezixhobo zibalulekile kumaqonga aselunxwemeni. Zonke iikhilografiti nganye yezixhobo eqongeni kufuneka zithuthelwe indawo kwiilwandlekazi kunye neelwandle, kwaye kufuneka zigcinwe kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi. Ngokuhambelana, i-valve yebhola ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiqonga kuba zidityanisiwe kwaye zinemisebenzi emininzi. Ewe kunjalo, kukho iqhina (iflethiI-valves yesango) okanye iivila ezikhanyayo (ezinje ngebhotile yebhabhathane), kodwa ziqwalasele izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinjengeendleko, ubunzima, uxinzelelo kunye neendawo zokushisa, i-valves zihlala zezona ndlela zifanelekileyo.
Ngokucacileyo,I-valves yebholaayilulanga kuphela, kodwa ikwanemilinganiselo emincinci yobungakanani (kwaye ihlala inobubanzi bomgangatho). Ivalve yebhola ikwanenzuzo yokubonelela nge-port ekhuphayo phakathi kwezihlalo ezibini, ke ubukho bokuvuza kwangaphakathi kungajongwa. Olu luncedo luluncedo kwiivalves ezingxamisekileyo
I-fluid kwi-oyile kakuhle idla ngokuba ngumxube weoyile kunye negesi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amanzi. Ngokwesiqhelo, njengobomi beminyaka yequla, amanzi aphulwe njengemveliso yokubuyiswa kweoyile. Ngomxube-kwaye ngenene kwezinye iintlobo zolwelo - into yokuqala ekufuneka ichonge kukuba kukho nakuphi na ukungcola kubo, njengekharbon diokside, i-hydrogen sulfide, kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo (njl.). Ukuba amasuntswana aqinileyo akhoyo, isihlalo kunye nebhola kufuneka sidityaniswe ngentsimbi ukunqanda ukunxiba kakhulu kwangaphambili. Zombini i-CO2 (ikharbon diokside) kunye ne-H2S (i-Hydrogen Sulfide) ibangela iindawo ezinobunkunkqele, ngokubanzi zibizwa ngokuba yindawo emnandi kunye ne-acid colossion. I-SECATION STEROTION ngokubanzi ibangela ukuphulukana neyunifomu yomgangatho wecandelo. Iziphumo zokuvela kwe-acid ziyingozi kakhulu, ezihlala zibangela ukuthukulwa, oko kukhokelela ekungaphumlweni kwezixhobo. Zombini iindidi zosulelo zihlala zithintelwe kukhetho lwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nenaliti yeentethiri ezifanelekileyo. I-Nace iye yaqulunqa iseti yemigangatho ye-acid yoridi: "Mnu. Izinto zevalve ngokubanzi zilandela lo mgangatho. Ukuhlangabezana nalo mgangatho, izinto ezibonakalayo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezininzi, ezifana nobunzima, ukuze zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ze-acidic.
Uninzi lwe-valves yebhola ye-valves yokuveliswa kwe-offshore zenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ye-API ye-API. Iinkampani zeoyile kunye negesi zihlala zimisela iimfuno ezongezelelweyo ngaphezulu kwale Migangatho, zihlala zimisela ezongezelelweyo kwizixhobo okanye zifuna uvavanyo olungqongqo. Umzekelo, umgangatho we-S-562 owaziswa ngumbutho wamanye amazwe weemveliso zeoyile kunye negesi (iogp). I-S-API ye-S-API ye-Palve ye-Palve ye-Palve iphuhliswe ziinkampani ezinkulu zeoyile kunye neenkampani zegesi ukuba zidibanise iimfuno ezahlukeneyo abavelisiyo abafanele bathobele. Ngokufanelekileyo, oku kuya kunciphisa iindleko kunye namaxesha anyukayo.
Amanzi olwandle anoluhlu olubanzi lweendima kwiqonga lokumba, kubandakanya ukucima umlilo, izikhukula zokugcina izilwanyana, ukutshintshiselana ngobushushu, amanzi oshishino, kunye nendawo yokugcina amanzi. I-pipeline ithutha amanzi olwandle ihlala inkulu kakhulu kububanzi kwaye iphantsi kwingcinezelo - ivalve yebhabhathane ilungele imeko yokusebenza. I-Butterfly Picks ihambelane nemigangatho ye-API 609 kwaye inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu: ugqirha, kabini eccentric kunye ne-eccentric. Ngenxa yeendleko ezisezantsi, iivalves zebhabhathane ezinee-lugs okanye uyilo lwe-clamps zezona zixhaphakileyo. Ubungakanani bobubanzi beevuni ezinjalo zincinci kakhulu, kwaye xa zifakwe kumbhobho, kufuneka zihambelane ngokuchanekileyo, ngenye indlela iya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe valve. Ukuba ulungelelwaniso lweflethi aluchanekanga, linokukuthintela ukusebenza kwevalufa, kwaye isenokuze enze ivalve ayikwazi ukusebenza. Ezinye iimeko zinokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-villarric okanye i-eccentric adterric okanye i-valvestory yebhateri ye-eccentric; Ixabiso le-valve ngokwalo liphezulu, kodwa lisezantsi kunendleko zokulungelelaniswa ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lokufakwa.
Ixesha leposi: Jun-28-2024