Ingxaki yamandla ngeminyaka yoo-1970 yazisa esiphelweni ixesha le-oyile enexabiso eliphantsi kwaye yaqalisa ugqatso lokugrumba i-oyile elunxwemeni.Ngexabiso lomphanda we-oyile ekrwada kumanani aphindwe kabini, ezinye zeendlela zokomba ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona ziqala ukubonwa, nokuba zibiza kakhulu.Ngokwemigangatho yanamhlanje, amaqonga akude nonxweme aye avelisa umthamo ophantsi- malunga ne-10,000 yemiphanda ngosuku (BPD).Side sibe ne-ThunderHorse PDQ, i-drilling, imveliso, kunye nemodyuli ephilayo enokuvelisa ukuya kwi-250,000 imiphanda yeoli kunye ne-200 yezigidi ze-cubic feet (Mmcf) zegesi ngosuku.Iyunithi enkulu kangaka yokuvelisa, inani leevalvu zezandla ezininzi njenge-12,000 ngaphezulu, uninzi lwazoiivalve zebhola.Eli nqaku liza kugxila kwiindidi ezininzi zeevalvu ezisikiweyo eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo eziphezulu zamaqonga angaphesheya konxweme.
Ukuveliswa kweoli kunye negesi kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezincedisayo ezingenzi ngokuthe ngqo ukuqhutyelwa kwee-hydrocarbons, kodwa zibonelela kuphela ngenkxaso efanelekileyo kwinkqubo.Izixhobo ezincedisayo ziquka inkqubo yokuphakamisa amanzi olwandle (ukutshintshana kobushushu, inaliti, ukulwa nomlilo, njl. njl.), amanzi ashushu kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi okupholisa.Ingaba yinkqubo ngokwayo okanye izixhobo ezincedisayo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-valve yokwahlula.Imisebenzi yabo ephambili yahlulahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini: ukuhlukaniswa kwezixhobo kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo (on-off).Apha ngezantsi, siya kuhlalutya imeko yeevalvu ezifanelekileyo malunga nemigca yokuhanjiswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zolwelo oluqhelekileyo kwiiplatifti zemveliso ye-offshore.
Ubunzima bezixhobo bukwabalulekile kumaqonga angaphesheya kolwandle.Ikhilogram nganye yezixhobo eziseqongeni kufuneka zithuthwe zisiwe kwindawo ukuwela iilwandlekazi neelwandlekazi, kwaye kufuneka zilondolozwe kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bawo.Ngokufanelekileyo, iivalve zebhola zisetyenziswa kakhulu eqongeni kuba zixinene kwaye zinemisebenzi emininzi.Ewe kunjalo, kukho ezomelele ngakumbi (flatiivalve zesango) okanye iivalve ezikhanyayo (ezifana neevalve zebhabhathane), kodwa ngokuqwalasela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana neendleko, ubunzima, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, iivalve zebhola zihlala zilolona khetho lufanelekileyo.
Ngokucacileyo,iivalve zebholaazikhaphuki kuphela, kodwa zinemilinganiselo emincinci yobude (kwaye amaxesha amaninzi imilinganiselo yobubanzi).Ivalve yebhola nayo inenzuzo yokubonelela nge-port yokukhupha phakathi kwezihlalo ezibini, ngoko ubukho bokuvuza kwangaphakathi bunokujongwa.Olu ncedo luluncedo kwiivalvu zokuvala ezingxamisekileyo (ESDV) kuba umsebenzi wazo wokutywina kufuneka ujongwe rhoqo.
Ulwelo oluphuma kwiqula leoli ludla ngokuba ngumxube we-oyile nerhasi, ngamanye amaxesha amanzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengoko ubomi bequla budala, amanzi ampontshwa njengemveliso yokubuyisela ioyile.Kwimixube enjalo - kwaye ngenene kwezinye iindidi zolwelo - into yokuqala ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kukuba kukho nabuphi na ubumdaka kuzo, njengekharbon diokside, ihydrogen sulfide, kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo (isanti okanye inkunkuma eyonakalisayo, njl.njl.).Ukuba kukho iinqununu eziqinileyo, isihlalo kunye nebhola kufuneka zifakwe ngetsimbi ukuze zigweme ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwangaphambili.Zombini i-CO2 (ikhabhon diokside) kunye ne-H2S (i-hydrogen sulfide) zibangela ummandla onomhlwa, obizwa ngokuba yi-sweet corrosion kunye ne-asidi.Umhlwa oswiti ngokuqhelekileyo ubangela ilahleko efanayo yomaleko womphezulu wecandelo.Iziphumo zokubola kweasidi ziyingozi ngakumbi, nto leyo edla ngokubangela ukonakala kwezinto, okubangela ukusilela kwezixhobo.Zombini iintlobo ze-corrosion zivame ukuvinjelwa ngokukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye ne-injection ye-inhibitors efanelekileyo.I-NACE iphuhlise imigangatho yemigangatho ngokukodwa kwi-acid corrosion: "I-MR0175 yoshishino lweoli kunye negesi, izinto zokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinesulfure kwimveliso yeoli kunye negesi."Izixhobo zevalve zilandela lo mgangatho ngokubanzi.Ukuhlangabezana nalo mgangatho, izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezininzi, ezifana nobunzima, ukuze zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezine-acidic.
Uninzi lweevalvu zebhola zemveliso ye-offshore ziyilelwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ye-API 6D.Iinkampani ze-oyile kunye negesi zihlala zibeka iimfuno ezongezelelweyo ngaphezulu kwalo mgangatho, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokubeka iimeko ezongezelelweyo kwizinto eziphathekayo okanye zifuna uvavanyo olungqongqo.Ngokomzekelo, umgangatho we-S-562 owenziwe yi-International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP).I-S-562-API 6D Ball Valve Standard Supplement yaphuhliswa ziinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu zeoli kunye negesi ukuze zihlanganise kwaye zilungelelanise iimfuno ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka abavelisi bazithobele.Ngethemba, oku kuya kunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha okukhokela.
Amanzi olwandle anoluhlu olubanzi lweendima kumaqonga okomba, kubandakanywa ukulwa nomlilo, izikhukula zedama, ukutshintshiselana ngobushushu, amanzi emizi-mveliso, kunye nesondlo sokusela amanzi okusela.Umbhobho ohambisa amanzi olwandle udla ngokuba mkhulu ngokwedayamitha kwaye uphantsi kuxinzelelo - ivalve yebhabhathane ifaneleke ngakumbi kwimeko yokusebenza.Iivalvu zebhabhathane zihambelana nemigangatho ye-API 609 kwaye zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: i-concentric, i-double eccentric kunye ne-triple eccentric.Ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi, iivalve zebhabhathane ezigxininisiweyo ezinezigubu okanye uyilo lweclamp zezona zixhaphakileyo.Ubungakanani bobubanzi beevalve ezinjalo buncinci kakhulu, kwaye xa ifakwe kumbhobho, kufuneka ihambelane ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle koko iya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwevalve.Ukuba ukulungelelaniswa kwe-flange akuchanekanga, kunokuthintela ukusebenza kwevalve, kwaye kunokwenza ukuba i-valve ingakwazi ukusebenza.Ezinye iimeko zinokufuna ukusetyenziswa kweevalve zebhabhathane eziphindwe kabini okanye eziphindwe kathathu;Ixabiso le-valve ngokwayo liphezulu, kodwa lingaphantsi kweendleko zokulungelelaniswa okuchanekileyo ngexesha lofakelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-28-2024